Cultural diversity begins with each of us, gains momentum in our daily activities and sometimes becomes almost self-evident. 

Here you will find facts that help to notice and raise awareness of our common cultural diversity, thereby appreciating and preserving it.

 

A CULTURALLY diverse ESTONIA

How to measure Estonia's cultural diversity? However we do it, the result is the same this common value of ours is infinitely great!

Estonia's cultural diversity can be measured in many ways. You could start with where cultural diversity itself begins – with the individuality of each of us. Next, it is worth exploring the differences and similarities arising from national identity, an endless list which begins with unique languages and ancient customs. Even more broadly, cultural diversity is part of our everyday life – from the myriad flavours of different cuisines to eye-catching buildings.

Statistical data confirms that today’s Estonia is richer in culture than ever before. For example, the number of peoples to whom Estonia is home has reached a record of sorts. According to the very first census of the Republic of Estonia* (in 1922), in addition to Estonians, representatives of several other peoples lived in Estonia, including Russians, Germans, Swedes, Jews, Latvians, Poles and Finns. Their communities made up a total of 12.5% of the population. According to the latest census** (in 2021), the share of representatives of other nations in the Estonian population has increased to 27.5%. The largest national minority communities are of Russian, Finnish, Latvian, German, Jewish, Ukrainian and Belarusian descent***.

The number of mother tongues spoken in Estonia is now also at a record high. According to the latest census, the number of native languages spoken in Estonia has increased to 243**. Estonian is spoken by 84% of Estonians, with 67% as their mother tongue and 17% as a foreign language****. In turn, 17% of native speakers of Estonian speak a dialect**. Of the other mother tongues, Estonians speak Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, English and Latvian the most****.

Worth knowing:

  • As of December 1, 2023, Estonia has a population of 1,365,884. 925,892 residents have marked their nationality as "Estonian" and 67% have indicated "Estonian" as their mother tongue***.
  • The biggest leap in growth among Estonian communities in the last decade has been made by Igbos. In 2011, there was one representative of this community and that rose to 152 in 2022***. A list of the nationalities living in Estonia can be found here.
  • The oldest native languages spoken by Estonians are Hebrew and Tamil. Estonia has seen the largest increase in speakers of Iranian languages, Niger-Kordofan languages, Sindhi and Mandar.***** You can see the list of native languages spoken in Estonia here.

* Population of Estonia. Five generations and ten censuses. (pp. 119–121)

** Demographic and ethnocultural characteristics of the population

*** What nationalities live in Estonia?

**** Population Census. 76% of Estonia's population speak a foreign language

***** 243 mother tongues spoken in Estonia

 

Estonian communities

How many Estonian communities are there? The exact answer is more than one!

Just as beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so we also understand and recognize cultural diversity differently. Estonian nationality and Estonian national culture have always been based on the heterogeneity of communities and at the same time on a common will to be a distinctive people and culture in the world. This is still the case today: if you try to list Estonian communities, there are endless ways to do it. For example, if we look from the point of view of language accessibility requirements, there are at least two communities of Estonians, at least three* in terms of Estonian dialects, at least 31** by country of residence, by city – at least 47, by municipality – at least 64, in terms of folk costume patterns – at least 117***, by national cultural societies – at least 1300, by villages – at least 4438 communities.

Worth knowing:

  • Two major dialect groups have historically been spoken in Estonia – North and South Estonian dialect groups, which have several dialects and local idiom. In addition, the Northeastern coastal Estonian is distinguished as a third group.
  • According to the 2021 census data, about 17% of native Estonian-speaking people speak a dialect language****. The largest share of dialect speakers is in Võru County (74%), followed by Põlva (60%) and Saare Counties (42%). Looking at the whole of Estonia, the Võru dialect group stands out, spoken by 11% of native Estonian speakers.

* https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_keel#Murded

** https://globalestonian.com/et/global-estonians-in-numbers

*** https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_rahvar%C3%B5ivad

**** Demographic and ethnocultural characteristics of the population

 

National minority communities

How many communities are there among the national minorities living in Estonia? Like Estonian communities – the answer is more than one!

According to the 2021 census, representatives of 211 nationalities live in Estonia. The largest ethnic groups are Estonians (919,693), Russians (315,242), Ukrainians (approximately 60,000 in 2023), Belarusians (11,605), Finns (8543) and Latvians (3827). In order to preserve their cultural heritage in Estonia and to introduce it to others, representatives of different nationalities join cultural societies.

Despite its small size, Estonia is a culturally very rich and diverse country. Many representatives of different nationalities have lived here through the ages and still live here today.

Estonia's own culture has been mainly influenced by Finno-Ugric, Germanic and Slavic cultures. Every nation that has come into contact with Estonians has brought with it its own traditions, languages and beliefs. We are proud of the fact that in Estonia, representatives of different nationalities have had the opportunity to preserve their cultural heritage and traditions, and these have become part of our own culture. This is why here you can enjoy a wide variety of cultural events, diverse national dishes, music of the peoples of the world and other aspects of culture that enrich our society.

Our cultural diversity is also reflected in the languages that are spoken every day in Estonia. Thanks to the contribution of different cultures, Estonia's literary and cultural heritage is rich in both genres and forms – participating in this heritage is an enlightening experience that allows all Estonian people to understand and respect other cultures and establish relationships with representatives of other nationalities. This is what makes Estonia an open and developing country.

Worth knowing:

  • There are more than 300 national minority cultural societies operating in Estonia. Almost 290 societies are concentrated in 17 associations, which in turn are united by the Cultural Advisory Board of National Minorities at the Ministry of Culture.
  • At the initiative of national minority cultural societies, there are 32 hobby schools operating in Estonia, where the language, customs and crafts of the people are kept alive.
  • On September 24, we celebrate National Minorities Day in Estonia.

 

AROUND THE WORLD

For the people of Estonia, home is not only incomparable Estonia, but also the entire, vast world. According to Statistics Estonia*, more than 190,000 people originally from Estonia live in other countries. In other words, more than 15% of people with Estonian roots live abroad. Every year, approximately 7,000 people originally from our country return to live in Estonia.

The largest emigration in Estonian history took place before the Second World War. People with Estonian roots found new homes mainly in Germany and Sweden, as well as in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. Communities that emerged in different parts of the world created organisations in order to maintain ties with each other and with their homeland. Through various initiatives, they tried to preserve and pass on the priceless wealth of Estonian culture.

Organisations that unite people with Estonian roots continue these initiatives, covering more and more countries around the world as time goes by. According to the data collected within the framework of the Global Estonian Programme**, Estonian communities are united by 577 organisations, which our people have created in at least 47 countries. Among these organisations, there are 26 societies whose goal is to support the bearers of Estonian culture all over the world***.

An overview of Estonian communities in the world and the contribution of our people world culture can be found at the Global Estonian information gateway****.  

* According to Statistics Estonia.

** Global Estonian: in numbers and community groups.

*** The Association of Estonian Cultural Societies consists of societies outside Estonia.

**** The website is managed by the Integration Foundation in cooperation primarily with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education and Research.

 

FIND OUT MORE

You can find more detailed information about Estonia's cultural diversity and related issues in the public databases, in published research and other information sources below.

If you would like to supplement the list of information sources for cultural diversity with a survey, database, event etc., please share the information with us by writing to 2024@integratsioon.ee.

STATISTICS

Database of Statistics Estonia: Statistics Estonia

Statistics on migration to and from Estonia: Ministry of Culture

Eurostat database

World Population Review

STUDIES

Estonian Integration Monitoring (once every two years): Ministry of Culture

Public opinion surveys (quarterly): Government Office

DEVELOPMENT PLANS

Cohesive Estonia Strategy: Ministry of Culture

Estonian Diaspora Action Plan: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 

EVENTS

Integration conference: Integration Foundation

 

Communities

National minority cultural societies

What distinguishes or unites people who come to Estonia from other countries? You can get answers from national minority cultural societies.

National minorities living in Estonia actively participate in public life, preserving their cultural heritage in accordance with their interests and needs. Representatives of minorities cherish their cultural heritage and pass it on to future generations. They hold traditional events, celebrations and performances, such as folklore and dance festivals, art exhibitions and concerts, to introduce their unique culture to a wider Estonian public.

The majority of representatives of national minorities speak and teach their mother tongue in their communities by organising language courses or community events. Communities also invest in youth education by offering language learning and cultural programs that help children maintain their cultural identity. In addition, national minority cultural societies operate in community buildings and hobby schools, where traditional forms of art, music and dance are taught.

Representatives of national minorities contribute enthusiastically to community life in the regions. They participate in community activities and organisations, take part in local events and festivals, share their culture, represent the interests of the community and cooperate with other communities.

Everyone in Estonia contributes their unique cultural knowledge, becoming a co-creator of the rich and diverse cultural landscape here.

Worth knowing:

  • The majority of national minority cultural associations are concentrated in associations that are part of the Cultural Advisory Board of National Minorities, established at the Ministry of Culture. The 17 organisations unite almost 300 cultural societies, whose contact details can be found here: National minority cultural societies.
  • In addition, there are several cultural associations operating in Estonia which bring together representatives of the cultures of the peoples who have created their homes here in recent decades. Their contact details can be found here: Cultural associations operating in Estonia.

If you consider it necessary to supplement our contact details, please send more detailed information to 2024@integratsioon.ee.

 

 

Back to website of the Culture Diversity Year

The Cultural Diversity Year is led by the Integration Foundation. You can get in touch with the committee of the theme year by writing to 2024@integratsioon.ee

Preparations for the Cultural Diversity Year, including the work of the committee, is organised by project manager Eero Raun. You can get in touch with him by calling +372 55511242 or writing to eero.raun@integratsioon.ee.

Communications manager Alena Stadnik will help with all the according questions. She is available by phone +372 5816 2318 or by e-mail alena.stadnik@integratsioon.ee.

 

 

Back to website of the Culture Diversity Year

We will launch the website in English shortly. In the meantime, you are welcome to add your events to the calendar of the thematic year calendar (it´s available in EnglishEstonian and Russian).

Back to website of the Culture Diversity Year

In 2024, we are celebrating the Cultural Diversity Year in Estonia. We understand, value and cherish the richness on cultures, which we are creating together with all the communities and people of our country. This is the common value that unites us – how we carry Estonia in our hearts.

Great when we’re together!

 

 

Back to website of the Culture Diversity Year

Important changes in Estonian language learning

Starting from next year, we will be asking our customers to pay attention to forthcoming changes in the organisation of our language courses. The changes concern the duration of the courses, continuing the courses, as well as the number of student places.

 

Changes implemented as of next year concern the levels and volumes of Estonian language courses. What will change exactly? Who made the decisions? Do they only concern courses organised by the Integration Foundation?

The Integration Foundation has good news for language learners. As of next year, the Foundation will pay more attention to achieving level B1 in Estonian. This means that the Foundation will begin to prioritise courses which help learners achieve this level. As a result, the volumes of communication courses will change. To ensure the quality of Estonian language studies, the Integration Foundation wishes to improve the language skills of its students by changing the levels and volumes of its communication courses, thus equipping its students with better coping skills in society and at workplaces. Due to changes in the volumes of Estonian language courses, the study periods will be extended. Starting from January 2024, the volume of Estonian language courses from level A1 to level B1 will be 500 academic hours. The volumes of instructed studies per language level are as follows:

Level A1: 100 academic hours

Level A2: 150 academic hours

Level B1 will be split into two courses: level B1.1 with 120 academic hours and B1.2 with 130 academic hours.

The increased course volumes of adaptation and integration courses correspond to the European Language Portfolio as well as the Adaptation Programme regulation. It is necessary to make changes in the courses because the Integration Foundation wishes to provide its learners with the best language acquisition quality in terms of volume, content, as well as results. The Integration Foundation has spent a long time analysing and discussing the issue and will now proceed with implementation.

 

What is the purpose of the changes?

The changes mean longer courses for the current learners and more efficient language studies for new learners. The addition of an Estonian language course at level B1.2 is necessary to provide successful students with the opportunity to acquire more proficient Estonian language skills at level B1. The new complementary level B1.1 language course will allow learners to acquire language even better, improving their ability to cope in society and offering significant support to participating in society actively and to integration more generally. Another reason for changing the volumes of language courses is to allow learners to transition more smoothly between courses, regardless of their status.

 

How does the change impact those who wish to acquire Estonian language at either level B2 or C1?

The learners who wish to develop their Estonian language skills at levels B2 and C1 can do it on special courses offered by the Estonian Language Houses. For advanced learners, we will continue to offer the opportunity to take part in language and culture clubs, language cafés facilitating language practice, and other learning programmes that offer good opportunities for learners to improve and develop their language skills.

 

When new courses open, they get fully booked very quickly. How will the longer course period and the additional B1.2 language course influence the number of student places? Will there be less places at other language levels, for example?

Although the longer duration of courses and the addition of new language levels may influence the distribution of student places, we aim to have a place for everyone. Learners at levels B2 and C1 can take part in special courses offered by the Estonian Language Houses, which open up new opportunities to advanced learners for developing specific language skills.

With the help of the European Social Fund, we are also launching a secondment programme for public sector employees for the purpose of language learning, in which people with a different language and cultural background can gain Estonian language practice among Estonian-speaking personnel. The target group of secondments includes educational workers, including kindergarten as well as school teachers, and employees in the areas of social services and internal security. Secondment for the purpose of language practice is available for those who already have sufficient Estonian language skills to manage working at an Estonian-speaking organisation.

 

How will the activity of language cafés and clubs continue? Will they carry on same as ever or will there also be planned changes?

Next year, we plan to continue with our popular activities that support language acquisition – the Estonian language cafés (30 academic hours) and the Estonian language and culture clubs (120 academic hours).

Language cafés offer support for Estonian language learning and practice prior to joining a course or for consolidating knowledge while waiting for the next course. In a language café, the learner will gain knowledge on 20 different topics and will additionally acquire skills for independent learning via the e-courses Keeleklikk and Keeletee. In language cafés, the learner can communicate on day-to-day issues and learn in a freer atmosphere with fellow students under the guidance of a teacher. Learners can join language cafés once their language skills are at least at level A2.

The Estonian language and culture club encourages and inspires learners to speak freely in Estonian and continue their language studies. The club meetings held once per month are complemented with activities introducing Estonian culture, such as educational trips and workshops at museums and exhibitions in different cities. Learners can join Estonian language and culture clubs once they have completed a language course at least at level B1.

 

How can interested people sign up for a language course?

It is possible to register to Estonian language communication courses at levels A1, A2, and B1 (B1.1, B1.2) in the self-service of the Integration Foundation. When compiling our language learning groups, we first offer student places to continuing students who have successfully completed a course, and then, students who have undergone a counselling session based on a general waiting list can register to the remaining places in the self-service, if places are available. A consultant will help you choose the most suitable form of study (café, course, club, special course, educational programme, or another activity supporting language learning). Our consultants will analyse the language learning needs and experience of each person individually and offer a suitable language learning solution.

 

Board games evening A2+ (Jõhvi) - GROUP FULL

  • Language level required: A2+
  • Location: Narva eesti keele maja Jõhvi Kultuuri- ja Huvikeskus (Pargi 40, Jõhvi)
  • Time: 19.12.2023 kell 18:30 - 20:00
  • Format: Language Practice

Board games are not just for kids! After a busy day, you can play fun board games and talk to each other in Estonian in a relaxed atmosphere. Social board games are a good tool for developing and maintaining logical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.

Registration: https://iseteenindus.integratsioon.ee/service/view/13793?lang=en

NB! You can register for the events through the Integration Foundation's self-service, which you can enter using an ID card, Mobile-ID or Smart-ID. Please see the user guide:https://integratsioon.ee/iseteenindus

Friday in Library A2+ (Paldiski)

  • Language level required: A2+
  • Location: Tallinna eesti keele maja Rae 38, Paldiski linn, Raamatukogu
  • Time: 15.12.2023 kell 16:00 - 17:30
  • Format: Language Practice

Friday in Library is a social club which brings together people from different cultural backgrounds who want to practice Estonian in a pleasant and welcoming setting.

The club is a place to get acquainted with one another, have conversations with the help of various forms of communication, play fun team games, and exchange information.

The Friday in Library events are meant for those who are still learning Estonian and who want to practice it in a playful manner. The events take place from September until December.

No of participants: 12

Organised by: Urve Luht

Registration: https://iseteenindus.integratsioon.ee/service/view/13703?lang=en

NB! You can register for the events through the Integration Foundation's self-service, which you can enter using an ID card, Mobile-ID or Smart-ID. Please see the user guide:https://integratsioon.ee/iseteenindus

Newsletter: December 2023

Contents

 

Eero Raun

Many Cultures, One Estonia

What languages characterize cultural richness that we are talking about? Or is it different foods? Eero Raun, Project Manager of the upcoming Cultural Diversity Year, talks about what he considers cultural diversity and how each one of us can contribute to making the year a success.

READ MORE

 

Conference presentations

Conference on integration policy in retrospect

On 16–17 November, this year’s integration conference entitled From Security to Cohesion: The Challenges of Integration in Times of Crisis took place, bringing together specialists in the field from around the world. We will share with you the presentations made at the conference.

READ MORE

 

Lõimumise meediapilk

Integration in the media

We will share a selection of news articles, podcasts, and radio and TV shows chosen by our employees.

READ MORE

 

Lõimumine Taani näitel

Integration in Denmark

Peter Svane, Counsellor at the International Recruitment and Integration Office under the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Integration, will tell us why working is important for Danes and how the strategy, introduced a few years ago, has worked so far.

READ MORE

 

Millist infot otsib välismaal elav eestlane?

What information is needed by Estonians living abroad?

What kind of information Estonians living abroad consume and how high does Global Estonian rank as a source of information for them? The aim of the short survey conducted in autumn 2023 was to better understand the information needs of people from Estonia living abroad and to gather ideas and suggestions for the Global Estonian portal and its Facebook page and newsletter.

READ MORE